WinRunner Interview Questions

How you used WinRunner in your project? - Yes, I have been using WinRunner for creating automated scripts for GUI, functional and regression testing of the AUT.
Explain WinRunner testing process? - WinRunner testing process involves six main stages
Create GUI Map File so that WinRunner can recognize the GUI objects in the application being tested
Create test scripts by recording, programming, or a combination of both. While recording tests, insert checkpoints where you want to check the response of the application being tested.
Debug Test: run tests in Debug mode to make sure they run smoothly
Run Tests: run tests in Verify mode to test your application.
View Results: determines the success or failure of the tests.
Report Defects: If a test run fails due to a defect in the application being tested, you can report information about the defect directly from the Test Results window.
What is contained in the GUI map? - WinRunner stores information it learns about a window or object in a GUI Map. When WinRunner runs a test, it uses the GUI map to locate objects. It reads an object’s description in the GUI map and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested. Each of these objects in the GUI Map file will be having a logical name and a physical description. There are 2 types of GUI Map files. Global GUI Map file: a single GUI Map file for the entire application. GUI Map File per Test: WinRunner automatically creates a GUI Map file for each test created.
How does WinRunner recognize objects on the application? - WinRunner uses the GUI Map file to recognize objects on the application. When WinRunner runs a test, it uses the GUI map to locate objects. It reads an object’s description in the GUI map and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested.
Have you created test scripts and what is contained in the test scripts? - Yes I have created test scripts. It contains the statement in Mercury Interactive’s Test Script Language (TSL). These statements appear as a test script in a test window. You can then enhance your recorded test script, either by typing in additional TSL functions and programming elements or by using WinRunner’s visual programming tool, the Function Generator.
How does WinRunner evaluate test results? - Following each test run, WinRunner displays the results in a report. The report details all the major events that occurred during the run, such as checkpoints, error messages, system messages, or user messages. If mismatches are detected at checkpoints during the test run, you can view the expected results and the actual results from the Test Results window.
Have you performed debugging of the scripts? - Yes, I have performed debugging of scripts. We can debug the script by executing the script in the debug mode. We can also debug script using the Step, Step Into, Step out functionalities provided by the WinRunner.
How do you run your test scripts? - We run tests in Verify mode to test your application. Each time WinRunner encounters a checkpoint in the test script, it compares the current data of the application being tested to the expected data captured earlier. If any mismatches are found, WinRunner captures them as actual results.
How do you analyze results and report the defects? - Following each test run, WinRunner displays the results in a report. The report details all the major events that occurred during the run, such as checkpoints, error messages, system messages, or user messages. If mismatches are detected at checkpoints during the test run, you can view the expected results and the actual results from the Test Results window. If a test run fails due to a defect in the application being tested, you can report information about the defect directly from the Test Results window. This information is sent via e-mail to the quality assurance manager, who tracks the defect until it is fixed.
What is the use of Test Director software? - TestDirector is Mercury Interactive’s software test management tool. It helps quality assurance personnel plan and organize the testing process. With TestDirector you can create a database of manual and automated tests, build test cycles, run tests, and report and track defects. You can also create reports and graphs to help review the progress of planning tests, running tests, and tracking defects before a software release.
Have you integrated your automated scripts from TestDirector? - When you work with WinRunner, you can choose to save your tests directly to your TestDirector database or while creating a test case in the TestDirector we can specify whether the script in automated or manual. And if it is automated script then TestDirector will build a skeleton for the script that can be later modified into one which could be used to test the AUT.
What are the different modes of recording? - There are two type of recording in WinRunner. Context Sensitive recording records the operations you perform on your application by identifying Graphical User Interface (GUI) objects. Analog recording records keyboard input, mouse clicks, and the precise x- and y-coordinates traveled by the mouse pointer across the screen.
What is the purpose of loading WinRunner Add-Ins? - Add-Ins are used in WinRunner to load functions specific to the particular add-in to the memory. While creating a script only those functions in the add-in selected will be listed in the function generator and while executing the script only those functions in the loaded add-in will be executed else WinRunner will give an error message saying it does not recognize the function.
What are the reasons that WinRunner fails to identify an object on the GUI? - WinRunner fails to identify an object in a GUI due to various reasons. The object is not a standard windows object. If the browser used is not compatible with the WinRunner version, GUI Map Editor will not be able to learn any of the objects displayed in the browser window.
What is meant by the logical name of the object? - An object’s logical name is determined by its class. In most cases, the logical name is the label that appears on an object.
If the object does not have a name then what will be the logical name? - If the object does not have a name then the logical name could be the attached text.
What is the different between GUI map and GUI map files? - The GUI map is actually the sum of one or more GUI map files. There are two modes for organizing GUI map files. Global GUI Map file: a single GUI Map file for the entire application. GUI Map File per Test: WinRunner automatically creates a GUI Map file for each test created. GUI Map file is a file which contains the windows and the objects learned by the WinRunner with its logical name and their physical description.
How do you view the contents of the GUI map? - GUI Map editor displays the content of a GUI Map. We can invoke GUI Map Editor from the Tools Menu in WinRunner. The GUI Map Editor displays the various GUI Map files created and the windows and objects learned in to them with their logical name and physical description. When you create GUI map do you record all the objects of specific objects? - If we are learning a window then WinRunner automatically learns all the objects in the window else we will we identifying those object, which are to be learned in a window, since we will be working with only those objects while creating scripts.

Win Runner Q & A Part 6

51. How do you clear a GUI map files?

a) We can clear a GUI Map file using the “Clear All” option in the GUI Map Editor.

52. How do you filter the objects in the GUI map?

a) GUI Map Editor has a Filter option. This provides for filtering with 3 different types of options.

i. Logical name displays only objects with the specified logical name.

ii. Physical description displays only objects matching the specified physical description. Use any substring belonging to the physical description.

iii. Class displays only objects of the specified class, such as all the push buttons.

53.How do you configure gui map?

a) When WinRunner learns the description of a GUI object, it does not learn all its properties. Instead, it learns the minimum number of properties to provide a unique identification of the object.

b) Many applications also contain custom GUI objects. A custom object is any object not belonging to one of the standard classes used by WinRunner. These objects are therefore assigned to the generic “object” class. When WinRunner records an operation on a custom object, it generates obj_mouse_ statements in the test script.

c) If a custom object is similar to a standard object, you can map it to one of the standard classes. You can also configure the properties WinRunner uses to identify a custom object during Context Sensitive testing. The mapping and the configuration you set are valid only for the current WinRunner session. To make the mapping and the configuration permanent, you must add configuration statements to your startup test script.

54.W hat is the purpose of GUI map configuration?

a) GUI Map configuration is used to map a custom object to a standard object.

55. How do you make the configuration and mappings permanent?

a) The mapping and the configuration you set are valid only for the current WinRunner session. To make the mapping and the configuration permanent, you must add configuration statements to your startup test script.

56. What is the purpose of GUI spy?

a) Using the GUI Spy, you can view the properties of any GUI object on your desktop. You use the Spy pointer to point to an object, and the GUI Spy displays the properties and their values in the GUI Spy dialog box. You can choose to view all the properties of an object, or only the selected set of properties that WinRunner learns.

57. What is the purpose of obligatory and optional properties of the objects?

a) For each class, WinRunner learns a set of default properties. Each default property is classified “obligatory” or “optional”.

i. An obligatory property is always learned (if it exists).

ii.An optional property is used only if the obligatory properties do not provide unique identification of an object. These optional properties are stored in a list. WinRunner selects the minimum number of properties from this list that are necessary to identify the object. It begins with the first property in the list, and continues, if necessary, to add properties to the description until it obtains unique identification for the object.

58. When the optional properties are learned?

a) An optional property is used only if the obligatory properties do not provide unique identification of an object.

59. What is the purpose of location indicator and index indicator in GUI map configuration?

a) In cases where the obligatory and optional properties do not uniquely identify an object, WinRunner uses a selector to differentiate between them. Two types of selectors are available:

i. A location selector uses the spatial position of objects.

1. The location selector uses the spatial order of objects within the window, from the top left to the bottom right corners, to differentiate among objects with the same description.

ii. An index selector uses a unique number to identify the object in a window.

1. The index selector uses numbers assigned at the time of creation of objects to identify the object in a window. Use this selector if the location of objects with the same description may change within a window.

60. How do you handle custom objects?

a) A custom object is any GUI object not belonging to one of the standard classes used by WinRunner. WinRunner learns such objects under the generic “object” class. WinRunner records operations on custom objects using obj_mouse_ statements.

b) If a custom object is similar to a standard object, you can map it to one of the standard classes. You can also configure the properties WinRunner uses to identify a custom object during Context Sensitive testing.

Win Runner Q & A Part 7

61. What is the name of custom class in WinRunner and what methods it applies on the custom objects?

a) WinRunner learns custom class objects under the generic “object” class. WinRunner records operations on custom objects using obj_ statements.

62. In a situation when obligatory and optional both the properties cannot uniquely identify an object what method WinRunner applies?

a) In cases where the obligatory and optional properties do not uniquely identify an object, WinRunner uses a selector to differentiate between them. Two types of selectors are available:

i. A location selector uses the spatial position of objects.

ii. An index selector uses a unique number to identify the object in a window.

63 What is the purpose of different record methods 1) Record 2) Pass up 3) As Object 4) Ignore.

a) Record instructs WinRunner to record all operations performed on a GUI object. This is the default record method for all classes. (The only exception is the static class (static text), for which the default is Pass Up.)

b) Pass Up instructs WinRunner to record an operation performed on this class as an operation performed on the element containing the object. Usually this element is a window, and the operation is recorded as win_mouse_click.

c) As Object instructs WinRunner to record all operations performed on a GUI object as though its class were “object” class.

d) Ignore instructs WinRunner to disregard all operations performed on the class.

64. How do you find out which is the start up file in WinRunner?

a) The test script name in the Startup Test box in the Environment tab in the General Options dialog box is the start up file in WinRunner.

65. What are the virtual objects and how do you learn them?

a) Applications may contain bitmaps that look and behave like GUI objects. WinRunner records operations on these bitmaps using win_mouse_click statements. By defining a bitmap as a virtual object, you can instruct WinRunner to treat it like a GUI object such as a push button, when you record and run tests.

b) Using the Virtual Object wizard, you can assign a bitmap to a standard object class, define the coordinates of that object, and assign it a logical name.

To define a virtual object using the Virtual Object wizard:

i. Choose Tools > Virtual Object Wizard. The Virtual Object wizard opens. Click Next.

ii. In the Class list, select a class for the new virtual object. If rows that are displayed in the window. For a table class, select the number of visible rows and columns. Click Next.

iii. Click Mark Object. Use the crosshairs pointer to select the area of the virtual object. You can use the arrow keys to make precise adjustments to the area you define with the crosshairs. Press Enter or click the right mouse button to display the virtual object’s coordinates in the wizard. If the object marked is visible on the screen, you can click the Highlight button to view it. Click Next.

iv.Assign a logical name to the virtual object. This is the name that appears in the test script when you record on the virtual object. If the object contains text that WinRunner can read, the wizard suggests using this text for the logical name. Otherwise, WinRunner suggests virtual_object, virtual_push_button, virtual_list, etc.

v. You can accept the wizard’s suggestion or type in a different name. WinRunner checks that there are no other objects in the GUI map with the same name before confirming your choice. Click Next.

66.H ow you created you test scripts 1) by recording or 2) programming?

a) Programming. I have done complete programming only, absolutely no recording.

67. What are the two modes of recording?

a) There are 2 modes of recording in WinRunner

i.Context Sensitive recording records the operations you perform on your application by identifying Graphical User Interface (GUI) objects.

ii.Analog recording records keyboard input, mouse clicks, and the precise x- and y-coordinates traveled by the mouse pointer across the screen.

68. What is a checkpoint and what are different types of checkpoints?

a) Checkpoints allow you to compare the current behavior of the application being tested to its behavior in an earlier version.

You can add four types of checkpoints to your test scripts:

i. GUI checkpoints verify information about GUI objects. For example, you can check that a button is enabled or see which item is selected in a list.

ii. Bitmap checkpoints take a “snapshot” of a window or area of your application and compare this to an image captured in an earlier version.

iii. Text checkpoints read text in GUI objects and in bitmaps and enable you to verify their contents.

iv. Database checkpoints check the contents and the number of rows and columns of a result set, which is based on a query you create on your database.

Win Runner Q & A Part 11

101. What are the steps of creating a data driven test?

a) The steps involved in data driven testing are:

i. Creating a test

ii. Converting to a data-driven test and preparing a database

iii. Running the test

iv. Analyzing the test results.

102. Record a data driven test script using data driver wizard?

a) You can use the DataDriver Wizard to convert your entire script or a part of your script into a data-driven test. For example, your test script may include recorded operations, checkpoints, and other statements that do not need to be repeated for multiple sets of data. You need to parameterize only the portion of your test script that you want to run in a loop with multiple sets of data.

To create a data-driven test:

i. If you want to turn only part of your test script into a data-driven test, first select those lines in the test script.

ii. Choose Tools > DataDriver Wizard.

iii. If you want to turn only part of the test into a data-driven test, click Cancel. Select those lines in the test script and reopen the DataDriver Wizard. If you want to turn the entire test into a data-driven test, click Next.

iv. The Use a new or existing Excel table box displays the name of the Excel file that WinRunner creates, which stores the data for the data-driven test. Accept the default data table for this test, enter a different name for the data table, or use

v. The browse button to locate the path of an existing data table. By default, the data table is stored in the test folder.

vi. In the Assign a name to the variable box, enter a variable name with which to refer to the data table, or accept the default name, “table.”

vii. At the beginning of a data-driven test, the Excel data table you selected is assigned as the value of the table variable. Throughout the script, only the table variable name is used. This makes it easy for you to assign a different data table

viii. To the script at a later time without making changes throughout the script.

ix. Choose from among the following options:

1. Add statements to create a data-driven test: Automatically adds statements to run your test in a loop: sets a variable name by which to refer to the data table; adds braces ({and}), a for statement, and a ddt_get_row_count statement to your test script selection to run it in a loop while it reads from the data table; adds ddt_open and ddt_close statements

2. To your test script to open and close the data table, which are necessary in order to iterate rows in the table. Note that you can also add these statements to your test script manually.

3. If you do not choose this option, you will receive a warning that your data-driven test must contain a loop and statements to open and close your datatable.

4. Import data from a database: Imports data from a database. This option adds ddt_update_from_db, and ddt_save statements to your test script after the ddt_open statement.

5. Note that in order to import data from a database, either Microsoft Query or Data Junction must be installed on your machine. You can install Microsoft Query from the custom installation of Microsoft Office. Note that Data Junction is not automatically included in your WinRunner package. To purchase Data Junction, contact your Mercury Interactive representative. For detailed information on working with Data Junction, refer to the documentation in the Data Junction package.

6. Parameterize the test: Replaces fixed values in selected checkpoints and in recorded statements with parameters, using the ddt_val function, and in the data table, adds columns with variable values for the parameters. Line by line: Opens a wizard screen for each line of the selected test script, which enables you to decide whether to parameterize a particular line, and if so, whether to add a new column to the data table or use an existing column when parameterizing data.

7. Automatically: Replaces all data with ddt_val statements and adds new columns to the data table. The first argument of the function is the name of the column in the data table. The replaced data is inserted into the table.

x. The Test script line to parameterize box displays the line of the test script to parameterize. The highlighted value can be replaced by a parameter. The Argument to be replaced box displays the argument (value) that you can replace with a parameter. You can use the arrows to select a different argument to replace.

Choose whether and how to replace the selected data:

1. Do not replace this data: Does not parameterize this data.

2. An existing column: If parameters already exist in the data table for this test, select an existing parameter from the list.

3. A new column: Creates a new column for this parameter in the data table for this test. Adds the selected data to this column of the data table. The default name for the new parameter is the logical name of the object in the selected. TSL statement above. Accept this name or assign a new name.

xi. The final screen of the wizard opens.

1. If you want the data table to open after you close the wizard, select Show data table now.

2. To perform the tasks specified in previous screens and close the wizard, click Finish.

3. To close the wizard without making any changes to the test script, click Cancel.

103. What are the three modes of running the scripts?

a) WinRunner provides three modes in which to run tests—Verify, Debug, and Update. You use each mode during a different phase of the testing process.

i. Verify

1. Use the Verify mode to check your application.

ii. Debug

1. Use the Debug mode to help you identify bugs in a test script.

iii. Update

1. Use the Update mode to update the expected results of a test or to create a new expected results folder.

104. Explain the following TSL functions:

a) Ddt_open

Creates or opens a datatable file so that WinRunner can access it.

Syntax: ddt_open ( data_table_name, mode );

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

mode The mode for opening the data table: DDT_MODE_READ (read-only) or DDT_MODE_READWRITE (read or write).

b) Ddt_save

Saves the information into a data file.

Syntax: dt_save (data_table_name);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table.

c) Ddt_close

Closes a data table file

Syntax: ddt_close ( data_table_name );

data_table_name The name of the data table. The data table is a Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters.

d) Ddt_export

Exports the information of one data table file into a different data table file.

Syntax: ddt_export (data_table_namename1, data_table_namename2);

data_table_namename1 The source data table filename.

data_table_namename2 The destination data table filename.

e) Ddt_show

Shows or hides the table editor of a specified data table.

Syntax: ddt_show (data_table_name [, show_flag]);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table.

show_flag The value indicating whether the editor should be shown (default=1) or hidden (0).

f) Ddt_get_row_count

Retrieves the no. of rows in a data tables

Syntax: ddt_get_row_count (data_table_name, out_rows_count);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters.

out_rows_count The output variable that stores the total number of rows in the data table.

g) ddt_next_row

Changes the active row in a database to the next row

Syntax: ddt_next_row (data_table_name);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters.

h) ddt_set_row

Sets the active row in a data table.

Syntax: ddt_set_row (data_table_name, row);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

row The new active row in the data table.

i) ddt_set_val

Sets a value in the current row of the data table

Syntax: ddt_set_val (data_table_name, parameter, value);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

parameter The name of the column into which the value will be inserted.

value The value to be written into the table.

j) ddt_set_val_by_row

Sets a value in a specified row of the data table.

Syntax: ddt_set_val_by_row (data_table_name, row, parameter, value);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

row The row number in the table. It can be any existing row or the current row number plus 1, which will add a new row to the data table.

parameter The name of the column into which the value will be inserted.

value The value to be written into the table.

k) ddt_get_current_row

Retrieves the active row of a data table.

Syntax: ddt_get_current_row ( data_table_name, out_row );

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

out_row The output variable that stores the active row in the data table.

l) ddt_is_parameter

Returns whether a parameter in a datatable is valid

Syntax: ddt_is_parameter (data_table_name, parameter);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters.

parameter The parameter name to check in the data table.

m) ddt_get_parameters

Returns a list of all parameters in a data table.

Syntax: ddt_get_parameters ( table, params_list, params_num );

table The pathname of the data table.

params_list This out parameter returns the list of all parameters in the data table, separated by tabs.

params_num This out parameter returns the number of parameters in params_list.

n) ddt_val

Returns the value of a parameter in the active roe in a data table.

Syntax: ddt_val (data_table_name, parameter);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters.

parameter The name of the parameter in the data table.

o) ddt_val_by_row

Returns the value of a parameter in the specified row in a data table.

Syntax: ddt_val_by_row ( data_table_name, row_number, parameter );

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

row_number The number of the row in the data table.

parameter The name of the parameter in the data table.

p) ddt_report_row

Reports the active row in a data table to the test results

Syntax: ddt_report_row (data_table_name);

data_table_name The name of the data table. The name may be the table variable name, the Microsoft Excel file or a tabbed text file name, or the full path and file name of the table. The first row in the file contains the names of the parameters. This row is labeled row 0.

q) ddt_update_from_db

imports data from a database into a data table. It is inserted into your test script when you select the Import data from a database option in the DataDriver Wizard. When you run your test, this function updates the data table with data from the database.

105. How do you handle unexpected events and errors?

a) WinRunner uses exception handling to detect an unexpected event when it occurs and act to recover the test run.

Define Exception Handling

Define Exception

Define Handler Function

WinRunner enables you to handle the following types of exceptions:

Pop-up exceptions: Instruct WinRunner to detect and handle the appearance of a specific window.

TSL exceptions: Instruct WinRunner to detect and handle TSL functions that return a specific error code.

Object exceptions: Instruct WinRunner to detect and handle a change in a property for a specific GUI object.

Web exceptions: When the WebTest add-in is loaded, you can instruct WinRunner to handle unexpected events and errors that occur in your Web site during a test run.

106. How do you handle pop-up exceptions?

a) A pop-up exception Handler handles the pop-up messages that come up during the execution of the script in the AUT. TO handle this type of exception we make WinRunner learn the window and also specify a handler to the exception. It could be

i. Default actions: WinRunner clicks the OK or Cancel button in the pop-up window, or presses Enter on the keyboard. To select a default handler, click the appropriate button in the dialog box.

ii. User-defined handler: If you prefer, specify the name of your own handler. Click User Defined Function Name and type in a name in the User Defined Function Name box.

107. How do you handle TSL exceptions?

a) A TSL exception enables you to detect and respond to a specific error code returned during test execution.

b) Suppose you are running a batch test on an unstable version of your application. If your application crashes, you want WinRunner to recover test execution. A TSL exception can instruct WinRunner to recover test execution by exiting the current test, restarting the application, and continuing with the next test in the batch.

c) The handler function is responsible for recovering test execution. When WinRunner detects a specific error code, it calls the handler function. You implement this function to respond to the unexpected error in the way that meets your specific testing needs.

d) Once you have defined the exception, WinRunner activates handling and adds the exception to the list of default TSL exceptions in the Exceptions dialog box. Default TSL exceptions are defined by the XR_EXCP_TSL configuration parameter in the wrun.ini configuration file.

108. How do you handle object exceptions?

a) During testing, unexpected changes can occur to GUI objects in the application you are testing. These changes are often subtle but they can disrupt the test run and distort results.

b) You could use exception handling to detect a change in property of the GUI object during the test run, and to recover test execution by calling a handler function and continue with the test execution

109. How do you comment your script?

a) We comment a script or line of script by inserting a ‘#’ at the beginning of the line.

110. What is a compile module?

a) A compiled module is a script containing a library of user-defined functions that you want to call frequently from other tests. When you load a compiled module, its functions are automatically compiled and remain in memory. You can call them directly from within any test.

b) Compiled modules can improve the organization and performance of your tests. Since you debug compiled modules before using them, your tests will require less error-checking. In addition, calling a function that is already compiled is significantly faster than interpreting a function in a test script.

Win Runner Q & A Part 12

111. What is the difference between script and compile module?

a) Test script contains the executable file in WinRunner while Compiled Module is used to store reusable functions. Complied modules are not executable.

b) WinRunner performs a pre-compilation automatically when it saves a module assigned a property value of “Compiled Module”.

c) By default, modules containing TSL code have a property value of "main". Main modules are called for execution from within other modules. Main modules are dynamically compiled into machine code only when WinRunner recognizes a "call" statement. Example of a call for the "app_init" script:

call cso_init();

call( "C:\\MyAppFolder\\" & "app_init" );

d) Compiled modules are loaded into memory to be referenced from TSL code in any module. Example of a load statement:

reload (“C:\\MyAppFolder\\" & "flt_lib");

or

load ("C:\\MyAppFolder\\" & "flt_lib");

112. Write and explain various loop command?

a) A for loop instructs WinRunner to execute one or more statements a specified number of times.

It has the following syntax:

for ( [ expression1 ]; [ expression2 ]; [ expression3 ] )statement

i. First, expression1 is executed. Next, expression2 is evaluated. If expression2 is true, statement is executed and expression3 is executed. The cycle is repeated as long as expression2 remains true. If expression2 is false, the for statement terminates and execution passes to the first statement immediately following.

ii. For example, the for loop below selects the file UI_TEST from the File Name list

iii. in the Open window. It selects this file five times and then stops.

set_window ("Open")

for (i=0; i<5;>

list_select_item("File_Name:_1","UI_TEST"); #Item Number2

b) A while loop executes a block of statements for as long as a specified condition is true.

It has the following syntax:

while ( expression )

statement ;

i. While expression is true, the statement is executed. The loop ends when the expression is false. For example, the while statement below performs the same function as the for loop above.

set_window ("Open");

i=0;

while (i<5){

i++;

list_select_item ("File Name:_1", "UI_TEST"); # Item Number 2

}

c) A do/while loop executes a block of statements for as long as a specified condition is true. Unlike the for loop and while loop, a do/while loop tests the conditions at the end of the loop, not at the beginning.

A do/while loop has the following syntax:

do

statement

while (expression);

i. The statement is executed and then the expression is evaluated. If the expression is true, then the cycle is repeated. If the expression is false, the cycle is not repeated.

ii. For example, the do/while statement below opens and closes the Order dialog box of Flight Reservation five times.

set_window ("Flight Reservation");

i=0;

do

{

menu_select_item ("File;Open Order...");

set_window ("Open Order");

button_press ("Cancel");

i++;

}

while (i<5);

113. Write and explain decision making command?

a) You can incorporate decision-making into your test scripts using if/else or switch statements.

i. An if/else statement executes a statement if a condition is true; otherwise, it executes another statement.

It has the following syntax:

if ( expression )

statement1;

[ else

statement2; ]

expression is evaluated. If expression is true, statement1 is executed. If expression1 is false, statement2 is executed.

b) A switch statement enables WinRunner to make a decision based on an expression that can have more than two values.

It has the following syntax:

switch (expression )

{

case case_1: statements

case case_2: statements

case case_n: statements

default: statement(s)

}

The switch statement consecutively evaluates each case expression until one is found that equals the initial expression. If no case is equal to the expression, then the default statements are executed. The default statements are optional.

114. Write and explain switch command?

a) A switch statement enables WinRunner to make a decision based on an expression that can have more than two values.

It has the following syntax:

switch (expression )

{

case case_1: statements

case case_2: statements

case case_n: statements

default: statement(s)

}

b) The switch statement consecutively evaluates each case expression until one is found that equals the initial expression. If no case is equal to the expression, then the default statements are executed. The default statements are optional.

115. How do you write messages to the report?

a) To write message to a report we use the report_msg statement

Syntax: report_msg (message);

116. What is a command to invoke application?

a) Invoke_application is the function used to invoke an application.

Syntax: invoke_application(file, command_option, working_dir, SHOW);

117. What is the purpose of tl_step command?

a) Used to determine whether sections of a test pass or fail.

Syntax: tl_step(step_name, status, description);

118. Which TSL function you will use to compare two files?

a) We can compare 2 files in WinRunner using the file_compare function.

Syntax: file_compare (file1, file2 [, save file]);

119. What is the use of function generator?

a) The Function Generator provides a quick, error-free way to program scripts. You can:

i. Add Context Sensitive functions that perform operations on a GUI object or get information from the application being tested.

ii. Add Standard and Analog functions that perform non-Context Sensitive tasks such as synchronizing test execution or sending user-defined messages to a report.

iii. Add Customization functions that enable you to modify WinRunner to suit your testing environment.

120. What is the use of putting call and call_close statements in the test script?

a) You can use two types of call statements to invoke one test from another:

i. A call statement invokes a test from within another test.

ii. A call_close statement invokes a test from within a script and closes the test when the test is completed.

iii. The call statement has the following syntax:

1. call test_name ( [ parameter1, parameter2, ...parametern ] );

iv. The call_close statement has the following syntax:

1. call_close test_name ( [ parameter1, parameter2, ... parametern ] );

v. The test_name is the name of the test to invoke. The parameters are the parameters defined for the called test.

vi. The parameters are optional. However, when one test calls another, the call statement should designate a value for each parameter defined for the called test. If no parameters are defined for the called test, the call statement must contain an empty set of parentheses.