AS/400 Interview questions

How do I trim leading zeroes?

Is there a BIF to trim leading 0's off of a numeric field AND reduce the field size accordingly?

 i.e. a field with a value of 000012345
I want to print:
"value: 12345"  instead of
"value: 000012345"  or
"value:        12345"

Use a combination of %edit and %trim. The %edit BIF will edit your number any way you wish: suppress leading zeroes, add commas, etc. The %trim BIF will strip the blanks off the front. Typical use for this is to insert a numeric amount into a message, like "Your balance is $25.00" Here is some code to do that: EDITBIF RPG IV 9 Mar 2001

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%size gives me a compile time error on my D specs

%size doesn't accept an expression; try %len instead.

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%trim is very slow

I did a quickie test of this on my heavily loaded 620. 5000 loops of %trim(String). "String" contains the literal "A":

If "String" is declared 20 bytes long, it takes :01.
If "String" is declared 32000 bytes long, it takes 1:45
If "String" is declared 20 bytes varying, :01.
If "String" is declared 32767 bytes varying, :01.

The moral of the story: try variable length fields for your string manipulation chores.

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How can I right justify a field?

For V4R4 and above:
c                   evalr     output = %trimr(input)

For earlier releases:
c                   Eval      output =
                           %subst(BLANKS:1:%len(input) -
                           %len(%trimr(input))) +
                           input

where "input" and "BLANKS" are equal length character fields.

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How can I centre a field?

Basically, take half the length of the output field, subtract half the length of the trimmed input field, put that many blanks at the front of the output field and add the input field. Watch out for output size less than input size and blank input!

d input           s             24    inz('1234567890              ')
d output          s             40    inz
d BLANKS          s                   like(output) inz
d len             s             10i 0

c                   eval      len = (%len(output)/2) -
c                               %len(%trimr(input))/2

c                   if        len + %len(%trimr(input)) <= c                               %len(output) c                   eval      output = %subst(BLANKS: 1: len) + c                               input c                   else c                   eval      output = input c                   endif 

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Does %len count the null in a null terminated string?

The quick answer is no. Hans Boldt supplied this amplification:

Well, I don't mean to nitpick, but there are no null characters in the field after the %trim. "C" convention uses the null character to indicate the end of a character string. But in RPG IV, we maintain a separate length attribute. For char varying fields, the length is a 16-bit unsigned number at the beginning of the fields storage. (Within expressions, though, the length is held in some temporary variable.) Within a char varying field, the characters following the logical end of the data can be anything, but they're ignored by RPG.

In order to support the character string BIF's, we actually had support for the character varying type within expressions since V3R1. However, we didn't get around to actually adding the varying data types until V4R2. Priorities, you know. If you need to pass a null terminated string to a "C" function, use keyword OPTIONS(*STRING). Or to use a null terminated string as a normal RPG IV char field, use built-in function %STR.

Answer courtesy Hans Boldt via MIDRANGE-L

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Date/time datatypes

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I get RNX0112 when I use L (date) data types in my display file.

If you use CAnn instead of CFnn, this will happen because of the way the I/O buffer is validity checked by the RPG runtime. Internal to work station data management (WSDM), there is a working buffer (WB) which contains the current values for all fields on the display station (actually there is one WB per active record format on the display). When the user uses a CF key/ENTER/etc. the current display values are moved to this WB and verified.

If one or more errors are encountered (VALUES, RANGE, Date validation, etc.) then WSDM responds with an error message. When no errors are encountered, WSDM moves the WB contents to the input buffer associated with the *DSPF and RPG application, and returns control to the RPG program (or RPG runtime anyway).

What is happening is that the ENTER key is causing the invalid date to be loaded into the WB, the error is being reported, the CA key is being used to bypass entry, and the WB (in it's last used invalid state) is being returned to the RPG program. RPG runtime appears to be validating the Date field contents and is signalling the RNX0112.

Note that the very same thing (except for the RNX0112) occurs with VALUE DDS checking. If a VALUES('A' 'B' 'C') is defined and the user enters "E", ENTER, CA then the RPG program does indeed get 'E' returned (but as there is no datatype error you don't get an explicit error message).

This situation is documented in the DDS manual under CAnn as part of Validity Checking Considerations with suggested workarounds of:

1. Don't use CA keys or
2. Don't use functions such as VALUES, RANGE, CHECK(VN), etc.

As Date validity checking is done in the same manner as these other DDS keywords (that is, in WSDM and not the work station controller) it falls into the same classification.

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Error handling

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I'm using the *PSSR and want to return to the line of code following the one in error. How do I do that?

You can't directly GOTO the line after the error occurred. Basically, you'll need to set a flag to indicate where you are, then your *PSSR does an ENDSR *DETC. Now that you're at the top of the detail calcs, you check your flag and GOTO the spot after the error, something like this, perhaps: Demonstrate *PSSR 16 Mar 2001

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APIs

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Can I use RPG to read and write to the IFS?

Scott Klement donated these code samples in a post on MIDRANGE-L:

• IFS prototype header /COPY
• IFS API examples

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What does BINARY 4 mean?

Several IBM API documents refer to "binary 4." What exactly does that mean?

BINARY(4) means a 4-byte binary number.

• In RPG III, this means a subfield of a data structure that is defined with 4 bytes, and has the 'B' type.
• In RPG IV, there are two kinds of 4-byte binary number: the 10-digit integer or the 9-digit binary. The 10-digit integer is better when dealing with APIs. If you define an integer or binary number using length notation (no from-position), you give the number of digits. 10I-0 or 9B-0. A very common error is to define a BINARY(4) field or parameter using length notation as 4B-0. This always causes problems calling the API.

Answer courtesy Barbara Morris 15 Mar 2001

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How can I get a list of jobs for a user?

Mark Walter provides an RPG program that uses the following APIs:

• QUSCRTUS - Create user space
• QUSLJOB -- List user jobs into user space
• QUSRTVUS - Retrieve data from user space
• QCMDEXEC - Execute OS/400 command
• QUSDLTUS - Delete user space

The program gets a list of jobs for the current user at status *JOBQ and puts the list in a user space. It then builds an array of jobs that can be readily manipulated. This example performs an ENDJOB command on each one.

Answer courtesy Mark Walter via MIDRANGE-L 5 Feb 2001

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Indicators

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How can I position the cursor in a display file without using up an indicator?

I got this from MIDRANGE-L long ago and foolishly neglected to keep track of the kind soul who posted it. Use the CSRLOC DDS keyword, and you can position exactly by row and column. Here are DDS and RPG IVexamples.

Answer courtesy MIDRANGE-L 16 Apr 2001

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How can I highlight a field in a display file without using up an indicator?

Use DSPATR with a program to system field. Here are DDS and RPG IVexamples. You can't set Position Cursor, unfortunately.

Answer courtesy Dave Mahadevan via MIDRANGE-L 16 Apr 2001

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Debugging

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How can I debug ILE programs?

Brad Stone has a FAQ entry that addresses this.

If that site is unavailable, here is a list of steps culled from posts to RPG400-L:

Using the green screen debugger:
1. Submit your program to batch. The job MUST be held. You can either hold the job queue (HLDJOBQ) or hold the individual job (HLDJOB) or specify HOLD(*YES) on the SBMJOB command.
2. WRKSBMJOB/WRKUSRJOB/WRKACTJOB and find your submitted job. Note that the SBMJOB command gives you an informational message with the job name/number. What you need is the job name, user ID and job number - the fully qualified job name. Example: 123456/BUCK/MONTHEND
3. STRSRVJOB on the held batch job.
4. STRDBG on your program. Specify UPDPROD(*YES) if needed. You'll see the source listing if you compiled with DBGVIEW(*LIST) or *SOURCE.
5. Press F12 to exit - you cannot set a breakpoint yet.
6. Release the job so that it becomes STATUS(*ACTIVE).
7. You'll see a display asking if you want to debug or continue. Press F10 to debug.
8. DSPMODSRC to see the source listing again. Alternately, press F10 to step into the first instruction.
9. Now you can add your breakpoints.
10. Press F3 until you're back to the "debug or continue" display. Press Enter to run the program with your breakpoints set.
11. When you're done, do an ENDDBG and ENDSRVJOB.

Thanks to Bob Slaney, Phil, Patrick Conner and Kelly Fucile.

Using the IBM Distributed Debugger:
1. SBMJOB CMD(CALL PGM(yourlib/yourpgm)) JOBQ(yourlib/yourjobq) HOLD(*YES)
2. Start your Code debugger from Start->Programs->WebSphere Development...->IBM Distributed Debugger->IBM Distributed Debugger
3. Select the debugger Start up window and key into the job name entry field */##########/* where ########## is your user id.
4. You may have to log in and specify the AS/400 system name.
5. Select the job that is being held in yourjobq.
6. Click the ok push button.
7. Enter the library and program name into the Program entry field
8. Click the Load push button on the debugger Startup information window. A debugger message will appear telling you to start the program.
9. Click Ok on the message push button, even though it tells you to start your program first.
10. Switch to a 5250 emulation window.
11. WRKJOBQ JOBQ(yourlib/yourjobq)
12. Release your job.

Answer courtesy Rob Berendt via RPG400-L 2 Aug 2001

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How can I debug OPM programs?

If you're willing to use the old OPM debugger, you can use the ILE steps outlined above.

Mike Barton suggests compiling the program with OPTION(*SRCDEBUG) and then using STRDBG OPMSRC(*YES), which should work with the steps given above.

STRISDB won't work unless the job is running, so you can't put it on hold and enter your break points.

Martin Rowe contributed the following idea: Insert a simple CL program into your RPG that waits for you to answer a message. This way, the job is running, but not processing yet. (RPG400-L 24 May 2001)

Here is an adaptation of his idea:

Here's the RPG program you're trying to debug:
H        1
C                     CALL 'DBGWAIT'
C                     Z-ADD1         X       50
C                     SETON                     LR

I've inserted "CALL 'DBGWAIT'" and re-compiled.

Here's the source for DBGWAIT:
pgm

dcl &reply *char 1

sndusrmsg  msgid(CPF9898) +
      msgf(QCPFMSG)  +
      msgdta('Paused for debug') +
      msgrpy(&reply)

endpgm

And here are the actual debugging steps:

• STRISDB PGM(BATCHOPM) UPDPROD(*NO) INVPGM(*NO) SRVJOB(*SELECT) You'll see a list of all active jobs on your system.
• Select the one you're trying to debug. You'll get a message saying that the program is in debug mode.
• Answer the "paused for debug" message, and the source will pop up after the call to DBGWAIT.

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The Rest (not easily catalogued)

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Why is garbage in my *ENTRY parameters?

This is undoubtedly a result of a mis-match between the definition of the parameters between the caller and the called program. Very often, this mis-match is unwittingly caused by calling a program from a command line (or SBMJOB).

The following text uses CL as an example, but the same ideas work for RPG as well. CL is used, because it is usually a CL command (SBMJOB or CALL) that reveals the mis-match. Text by John Taylor

CL Parameter Basics

When a variable is declared within a CL program, the system assigns storage for that variable within the program automatic storage area (PASA). If you subsequently use the variable as a parameter within a CALL command, the system does not pass the value of that variable to the called program, but rather a pointer to the PASA of the calling program. This is known as parameter passing by reference.

For this reason, it is very important that both programs declare the parameter to be of the same type and size. To illustrate, let's look at the following example:

PgmA: Pgm DCL &Var1 *CHAR 2 Inz( 'AB' ) DCL &Var2 *CHAR 2 Inz( 'YZ' ) Call PgmB Parm( &Var1 &Var2) EndPgm

PgmB: Pgm Parm( &i_Var1 &i_Var2 ) DCL &i_Var1 *CHAR 4 DCL &i_Var2 *CHAR 2 EndPgm

Hopefully, you've noticed that the first parameter is declared to be larger in PgmB than it was in PgmA. Although you might expect &i_Var1 to contain 'AB ' after the call, the following is what the input parameters in PgmB actually contain:

&i_Var1 = 'ABYZ'
&i_Var2 = 'YZ'

&i_Var1 shows the contents of the first parameter, and the second, because the second parameter is immediately adjacent to the first within the storage area. If the second parameter was not contiguous to the first, then the last two bytes of &i_Var1 would show whatever happened to be in the storage area at that time.

You can think of &i_Var1 as a 4-byte "window" into the storage area of the calling program. It's passed a pointer that tells it where the view begins, and it accesses anything in storage from that point up to the parameter's declared length.

Looking at Literals

There are several ways that a program can be called, other than from another program. Examples include the command line, SBMJOB, job scheduler etc. In the case of an interactive call from the command line, you specify the parameters as literals, ie:

Call PgmB Parm('AB' 'YZ')

Consider that when we do this, there is no PASA. We'll look at the implications of that in a minute, but for now, just make a note of it.

Submitting a job from the command line isn't any different. If you're submitting a CALL, then you'll be specifying any associated parameters as literals. However, things can get a bit deceiving when you submit a job from within a program, as the following example illustrates:

PgmC: Pgm DCL &Var1 *CHAR 2 Inz( 'AB' ) DCL &Var2 *CHAR 2 Inz( 'YZ' ) SbmJob Cmd(Call PgmB Parm( &Var1&Var2)) EndPgm

Clearly, we're not passing literals here. Or are we?

Let's think about how things would work if we passed variables:

• PgmC submits a call to PgmB, passing two variables as parameters.
• PgmC immediately ends as a result of the EndPgm statement.
• PgmB begins running in batch and receives pointers to PgmC's PASA.
• PgmB crashes when it attempts to use the pointers.

We have invalid pointers because PgmC is no longer running. If you've ever tried this personally, you know that it doesn't happen in practice. The reason for that is that the system is converting those variables to literals before issuing the CALL command. Very sneaky, but effective.

Now that we've seen some examples of where literals are used, and why, it's time to talk about the PASA again. When we discussed the basics of CL parameter passing, we learned that the called program expects to receive a pointer to a storage area within the PASA for each input parameter. This requirement hasn't changed. So now we have a situation where the CALL command is passing literals, but the called program is still expecting pointers.

Obviously, it's time for the system to perform some more magic behind the scenes. In order to accomodate the requirements of the called program, the system creates a space in temporary storage for each literal being passed, and moves the value of the literal into that storage space. Now it can pass pointers to the called program, and everyone is happy.

Except you that is, because none of this changes the fact that you're getting "garbage" in the input variables of your called program! Fair enough. I'm getting to that now, but you needed the background in order to understand the next part.

Sizing It All Up

Now that you know the system is creating variables behind the scene, you might wonder how it knows what size those variables need to be. The answer is that it doesn't. Instead, the designers have imposed some specific rules about how literals are transformed to variables, and thereby passed as parameters.

CL supports only three basic data types: character, decimal, and logical. For the purposes of this discussion, you can consider the logical data type equivalent to the character type, because it's treated in the same manner.

The simplest rule is the one that handles decimal literals. All decimal literals will be converted to packed decimal format with a length of (15 5), where the value is 15 digits long, of which 5 digits are decimal places. Therefore, any program that you expect to call from the command line, or SBMJOB etc., needs to declare it's numeric input parameters as *DEC(15 5).

Character literals are a little bit more complicated, but still fairly straightforward. There are two rules to remember. The first is that any character literal up to 32 characters in length will be converted to a 32 byte variable. The value is left justified, and padded on the right with blanks.

So if you were to pass the following literal:

Call PgmB 'AB'

the associated storage space for that literal would contain:

'ABxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' (where "x" represents a blank space)

The second rule is that character literals longer than 32 bytes are converted to a variable of the same length as the literal value itself, as in the following example:

Call PgmB 'This is a long character literal that will exceed 32 bytes.'

the associated storage space for that literal would contain:

'This is a long character literal that will exceed 32 bytes.'

Finally, since the logical data type follows the same rules as the character type, and the only possible values for a logical data type are '0' or '1', we know that a logical literal will always be created as a 32 byte, left justified, padded character variable.

Parameter Problems

In the beginning of this explanation, you learned that it was important for the parameter declarations to match between a called program and it's caller. Then you discovered that the system sometimes has to take it upon itself to declare the parameters of the caller on your behalf. If the two declarations don't match, we have the potential for trouble.

In the case of a decimal value, the result is immediate and obvious; you get a data decimal error. Character variables are more difficult to debug because they don't generate any immediate errors. What actually happens depends upon the length of the parameter in the called program.

If the length of the parameter in the called program is less than the length of the parameter being passed, the extra characters are effectively truncated, as follows:

Call SomePgm ('ABCDEFG') /* system creates 32 byte *CHAR*/ SomePgm: Pgm Parm( &i_Var1 ) DCL &i_Var1 *CHAR 4 EndPgm

What happens is that the system passes 'ABCDEFGxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' ('x' is a blank), but because of the declared length of &i_Var1, SomePgm only see's 'ABCD'. For most of us, this is the behaviour that we would expect.

Things get nasty when the declared length of the variable is longer than what is being passed in. Using the same example as we've just seen above:

SomePgm: Pgm Parm( &i_Var1 ) DCL &i_Var1 *CHAR 34 EndPgm

In this case, the system will still allocate 32 bytes of storage and assign 'ABCDEFGxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' to it, but because &i_Var1 is now declared to be 34 bytes long, SomePgm will see more storage than it was intended to. It will see the 32 bytes that were allocated for it, plus two additional bytes. It's those two additional bytes that can cause the infamous "unpredictable results" which IBM's documentation often refers to.

If the extra bytes contain blanks, chances are that you won't notice a problem, but if they contain something else, your input parameter will contain "garbage".

As you can see, when dealing with literals, the magic number for character parameters is 32. If the called program declares the parameter to be less than or equal to 32, you'll never see "garbage" in the parameter. Once you cross that 32 byte threshhold, you need to take extra care to ensure that the size of the literal being passed is equal to the declared size of the input parameter.

Things to Remember

• always match the type/size of parameters on your pgm to pgm calls.
• remember that the system converts literals to variables in the background.
• remember that decimal literals are always converted to *DEC(15 5).
• and that char literals less than or equal to 32 bytes are converted to *CHAR(32).
• and that char literals greater than 32 bytes are converted to variables of equivalent size.

and last, but not least:

• the called program "sees" as much storage as it declares for an input parameter, regardless of whether or not the caller actually allocated that much storage for it.

Solutions

Text by Buck.

>Wow! So what you are basically saying is
>that I shouldn't have a problem if I use
>variable lengths less than or equal to
>32, but I must use longer, to make sure
>they are the same size?
>(Which by the way was the case)

This is the assumption that is in error. Imagine being the CL program doing the SBMJOB.

CL STEP2CL

dcl &filename *char 50
chgvar &filename 'test.txt'
sbmjob cmd(call STEP3CL &filename)

STEP2CL has set aside 50 bytes of storage for &FILENAME. When STEP2CL calls another program, he passes a pointer to his internal storage (parameters are passed by reference.) Well, on the AS/400 one job doesn't get to manipulate storage in another job (SBMJOB creates another job) so this can't work like a CALL.

Instead, SBMJOB resolves the value of &FILENAME and passes it to the newly created job (which is QCMD - look at your routing entries) as a constant. So instead of "call step3cl

" you get "CALL QCMD PARM(call step3cl 'test.txt')" (not really but why add request message processing to the muddle?)

QCMD parses out the string that it received and realises that it has to create some storage for the parameter 'test.txt' Because it is a character constant, QCMD creates a 32 byte storage area, initialises it to blanks and loads the constant into it, left-justified. QCMD then does a "call STEP3CL

"

CL STEP3CL

pgm &filename
dcl &filename *char 50

When STEP3CL tries to use &FILENAME, it reads 50 characters starting at

Unfortunately, QCMD only initialised 32 bytes of that area (PARAMETER SIZE MISMATCH ALERT) so the remaining bytes of &FILENAME contain Who Knows What, also known as Garbage.

A work-around:

Have STEP2CL pass 51 bytes of data to SBMJOB. Here's how that would work:

CL STEP2CL

dcl &filename *char 50
dcl &filetemp *char 51
chgvar &filename 'test.txt'
chgvar &filetemp (&filename *cat 'x')
sbmjob cmd(call STEP3CL &filename)

STEP2CL has set aside 51 bytes of storage for &FILETEMP. When the SBMJOB resolves the value of &FILETEMP, you get "CALL QCMD PARM(call step3cl 'test.txt x')" QCMD does his thing and sees 51 bytes of data, so he allocates an internal work area 51 bytes long. When STEP3CL tries to use &FILENAME, it reads 50 characters starting at

He doesn't care that QCMD has initialised 51 bytes of storage, or that byte 51 contains something: he stops reading at byte 50.

The Cool Way:

Write your own command. We've been able to extend OS/400 since the dinosaurs roamed Pangaea. Here's how it works:

CMD CVTTOPDF
CMD 'Convert IFS file to PDF'

PARM KWD(FILENAME) TYPE(*PNAME) LEN(50) MIN(1) +
  PROMPT('Input file name')

crtcmd cvttopdf pgm(STEP3CL)

CL STEP2CL

dcl &filename *char 50
chgvar &filename 'test.txt'
sbmjob cmd(cvttopdf filename(&filename))

The SBMJOB results in "cvttopdf filename('test.txt')" When QCMD does his thing, he sees that he needs to run a command (not CALL) so the command processor checks the command definition for each parameter, initialises the defined amount of storage (here it's 50 bytes) loads the internal storage areas up and away we go. When STEP3CL gets called as a result of processing CVTTOPDF, his definition of 50 bytes exactly matches the caller's definition of 50 bytes and All Is Well.

CAT Full Paper III

1. Hydrology

water fire air surface

2. Zymology

Fermentation Flags Excrement Soil

3 Ethology

Animal Behaviour Bird Behaviour
Insect Behaviour Fish Behaviour

Directions for Qs 4 to 12
Each of the sentences given below has one or more blank spaces in it. Following each sentence four words/ set of words are given.Choose the word/ set of words that makes the sentence most meaningful.

4. Human history is largely a record of faltering _____, of complacent surrender to _____

effort, circumstance ego, enemies steps, self attempt, Lord

5. His irresponsible and ________ behaviour invited ______ observations on his mental ability

puerile, positive favourable, childish
careful, glowing adult, adulatory

6. The ______ rationale of civilisation is the _____ of fuller, richer and more abundant life

ultimate, promotion ultimatum, induction
intimate, conception superior, injection

7. When somebody talks or acts ______, we say he is mentally ______

illogically, deranged logically, upset
consistently, unbalanced madly, advanced

8. A country, tribe or family ruled by a man or male heirs is called______

patriarchy matriarchy monarchy hierarchy

9. Radar is ______ for 'Radio Detection and Ranging'

acronym synonym antonym homonym

10. It was a _____ worth celebrating with a bonfire

bonanza disaster carnival affair

11. The ______ of the agreement led to ______ results

infraction, detrimental refraction, beneficial
extraction, sentimental revolt, violent

12. She was overcome with a wave of ______ whenever she thought of her childhood in Bihar

nostalgia nausea frustration regret

Directions for questions 13 to 15 :- Rearrange the sentences A, B, C, and D to form a logical sequence between sentences 1 and 6.

13.

1] In former days, a teacher was expected to be a man of exceptional knowledge or
wisdom, to whose words men would do well to attend.
A. Socrates was put to death and plato is said to have been thrown into prison, but
such incidents did not interfere with the spread of their doctrines.
B. In antiquity, teachers were not an organised profession and no control was exercised
over what they taught.
C. Any man who has the genuine impulse of the teacher will be more anxious to survive
in his books than in the flesh.
D. It is true that they were often punished afterwards for their subversive doctrines.
6] A feeling of intellectual independence is essential to the proper fulfilment of the
teacher's functions.

BADC ACBD CDBA BDAC

14.
1] Indian thinkers have given much attention to the subject of peace.
A. Though the mind is very subtle and it is difficult to discern its contents,its effects
can be seen on the body.
B. Again, it is the mind itself that causes peacelessness.
C. According to our state of mind, we laugh or weep or become peaceful.
D. Peacelessness is a state of mind, but to study it, we need to use the mind itself.
6] Depending upon its purity and calmness, it can organise all the sense impressions on
the one hand and on the other, reflect the ' kingdom of God ' within.

DACB DBAC CDAB BACD

15.
1] There is only one way to learn social habits: by living a life in which such
habits automatically develop.
A. In them the egotist is discouraged; the individualist discovers the existence of other
individuals and learns how to fit in with them.
B. Live in a society and in most cases, you will become a social being.
C. Boarding schools, like everything else, have their defects, but they do train people to
be members of a society.
D. That is the secret of the British boarding school, the finest factory of citizenship in
existence.
6] A boy finds himself a member of something greater than himself and learns loyalty and
service to it.

BDCA DCBA BACD CBDA

Directions for questions 16 to 18 :
In each of the following questions a phrase is highlighted followed by four different ways of rephrasing the highlighted part. Choose the correct alternative.

16. I have worked hard enough now, its time I gave way to someone else.

call it quits appointed an heir stepped down none of these

17. Mr Kaluram was thinking aloud on the implications of the mechanism
for the future.

talk in public uttering his thought
high thinking thinking carefully and planning

18. A typical intellect tries not to shake the beliefs of the common man but to
lead him through stages to the understanding of the deeper philosophical meaning behind his beliefs.

but to leading them through stages. but to facilitating them via stages.
but to lead him by stages. but to effect them vis-a-vis stages.

Directions for questions 19 to24:
Each of the sentences below has a blank space indicating that something has been left out. Following each sentence, four choices are given, numbered 1 to 4. Select the appropriate choice that makes the sentence most meaningful.

19. In most developing contries, research and development efforts are _____by their absence.

obvious conspicuous clear minimised

20. Being highly ______ to criticism, he has kept his stories unpublished.

susceptible sensible sensitive vulnerable

21. For taking retirement, he has given _____ his business to his two sons

for over off out

22. He is said to be as poor as _____.

job a church-mouse croesus a scarecrow

23. This is a group insurance policy, in favour of the workers, _____ accident or injury.

for on in against

24. This pain will go _____ my death.

with after under over

Directions for questions 25 to 30:
For each question below are given four different spellings of a word. Choose the correct spelling and mark the answer at the appropriate space on the answer sheet.

25. gratuitous gratutious gratutous gratuteous

26. ephimeren ephemoren ephemeron ephime

27. mispelt mispelled misspeld misspelt

28. tableau tablue tablaeu tabloeu

29. liquiscent liquescent liquecent liquicent

30. pneumactic neumactic pneumatic pnuematic

31. endeovour endeavour endevour endevor

32. rythemic rhythmic rhythemic rythmic

Directions for questions 33 to 38:
In each question below, a capitalised word is followed by four words or phrases numbered 1 to 4. Select the word most nearly opposite to that word.

33. YOKEL

sophisticate farmer simpleton bumpkin

34. NAÏVE

harmless artful effective fashionable

35. DOVE

predator miser hawk interventionist

36. FOREBEAR

resist beneficiary progeny aggrandize

37. ON THE CONTRARY

clearly exactly furthermore similarly

38. PICAYUNE

significant expert gentle novice

Directions for questions 39 to 44:
Each capitalized word below is followed by four words or phrases numbered 1 to 4. Choose the word or phrase that has most nearly the same meaning as the capitalized word. Consider all the alternatives carefully before you make the choice.

39. IMPETRATE

curse entreat jeopardize confine closely

40. LIMPID

clear and graceful flexible crippled clinging

41. NONAGE

stage of immaturity ninety years
particular occasion group of nine musicians

42. PECULATE

guess embezzle sinful comblike

43. REPRISAL

retritution retort representation protest

44. HALE

greeting wholeness compulsion strong and well

Directions for questions 45 to 49:
Each of the sentences below has two blank spaces which are meant to be filled in with one of the four choices numbered 1 to 4.
Select the appropriate choice that makes the sentence most meaningful, and mark
your answer at the right place.

45. In spite of his arrogant blunders, his grip over his party never_______ since his claim was that there was no ______ his leadership.

wavered;sophistication in improved;repetition of
slackeded;alternative to flourished;substitute for

46. The Chairman had to quickly refute the allegation that his country was trying to _______ the starving people of Zambia with weapons of war _____ their crying need for food and medicine.

alienate;due to meet emancipate;for to meet
enervate;in an attempt to meet appease;rather than meet

47. '_____' means only a '______shade of distinction.'

paradox;fine vindication, forceful
nuance,subtle prevarication,clever

48. The feeling of being uncared for and _____ is the greatest ________

unwanted;bane unused;blessing
uneasy;curse uncaring;poverty

49. The two Ministers were ______ criticised because neither spoke _______ against the government's wishy-washy attitude to racial discrimination.

both,genuinely brutally,anything
fairly,falsely severely,firmly

Directions for questions 50 to 52:
In each question below are given four words, each designated by a number 1,2,3 or 4. One of the four words is spelt incorrectly. Choose that word.

50. combinatorial camelier calvary comatose

51. chary loath infamy turpid

52. hubris sauves demure weird

Directions for questions 53 to 55 :
In each of the following sentences, four words or phrases are underlined. You should choose the one word or phrase which would not be appropriate in standard written English.Mark (5) if you think that the sentence has no error.

53. After she had laid down for a while, she felt better.

laid down a while felt

54. She was threatened and concerned about her behaviour

She was threatened concerned about

55. The troupe nearly entertained us for four hours.

troupe nearly for hours

Directions for questions to 56 to 60:
Each sentence is broken into four parts 1,2,3,4.Mark the part which has an error. Ignore errors of punctuation.

56. Every man, woman and child in the house on fire have been saved.

Every man, woman and child
in the house on fire have been saved.

57. One of the best lawyers in town have been hired.

One of the best lawyers in town
have been hired.

58. I request you kindly to come to me immediately.

I request you kindly to come to me immediately.

59. My friend's mother is the principal of a girl's college.

My friend's mother is the principal of a girl's college.

60. To succeed in these tests it is absolutely necessary for us to aim for speed and accuracy.

To succeed in these test it is absolutely necessary
for us to aim for speed and accuracy.

Directions for question 61 to 110. Choose the correct alternative.

61. "A game of 50" means a game in which the player scoring 50 points first is the winner. In a game of 50, A can give B 10 points. This means that when A scores 50, B scores 40 points. In a game of 50, A can give B 10 points, but B can give C 20 points. With the same efficiency how many points can A give C?

30 25 40 50

62. 2 pipes X and Y fill a tub in 10 min and 15 min resp. Both are opened and at the end of 5 minutes X is turned off. How much time will the tub take to fill?

3/2 min 1/2 min 4/3 min 5/2 min

63. Walking at 2/3 of his usual speed a man is 2 hrs.late. Find his actual travel time

8 hrs 4hrs 3hrs none of these

64. A train after travelling 30 km from X meets with an accident and proceeds at 3/4 of the former speed and reaches by 45 min. late. Had the accident happened 10 kms further one, it would have arrived 15 min sooner. Find the original speed and distance.

60km 30 km 50 km 20 km

65. A cat sees a rat 50 metres away from her and moves in the opposite direction at a speed of 12 km/hr. A minute later the rat sees her and gives chase at a speed of 15 km/hr. How soon will the rat overtake her?

5 min 6 min 2 min 12 min

66. 3 pipes can fill a reservoirin 10,15 and 20 hrs. resp. The first was opened at 5 a.m. , the second at 6 a.m., third at 7 a.m. When will the reservoir the filled?

5:20a.m. 6:30 a.m. 10:20 a.m. 4 p.m.

67. Rowing at a steady rate, a man travels downstream for an hour and covers 5 km. If he takes 1hr.20min. For the return journey. Find the speed of the current?

0.625 km/hr 0.325 km/hr 0.75 km/hr none of these

68. If 15 men and 10 boys can do in 1 day as much work as 12 men and 20 boys. How much should a man be paid a day if a boy is to get Rs.10 a day?

Rs.30 Rs.33.33 Rs.40 Rs.45

69. A cop after a robber who has 100m start. The cop runs 2 km in 8mins. And the thief 2 km in 12 mins. How far the thief has gone before he overtaken?

200 210 250 300

70. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 5:6:7 and its area is 800 sqft. Find its sides?

7,8,9 37,44,52 52,53,54 63,67,78

71. Find the area of the cyclic quadrilateral whose sides are 15,12,10 and 13 cms.

30*sqrt(26) 30*sqrt(20) 10*sqrt(6) 10*sqrt(2)

72. Cost of painting the 4 walls of a room 40ft.*15ft. At Rs.5 per square feet is Rs.7500. Find the height of the room?

14 ft. 13.63 ft. 15.72 ft. 21.2 ft.

73. The areas of a trapezium of height 20 cm. Is 800 cm². One parallel side is
10 cm. Longer than the other. Find the parallel side?

35,45 30,40 45,35 60,70

74. Volume of a right circular cylinder is 450 cm³and its curved surfaces area is 200 cm². Find its radius?

2.5 cm 1.5 cm 5cm 4.5 cm

75. Iron weighs 8 times the weight of steel . Find the diameter of an iron ball whose weight is equal to that of a ball of steel 16 inches diameter?

6 7.5 9 8

76. A rectangle 5cm*3cm is rotated about its smaller edge as axis. Find the curved surface area and volume of solid generated?

85,60 35,40 75,30 30,75

77. A well 20m in diameter is dug 15m deep and earth is spread all around a width of 5m to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment.

69 82 80 75

78. The radius of a circular cylinder is increased 40%. Find the % increase in volume?

95 96 72 48

79. A river 10m deep 200m wide flows at the rate of 6km/hr. Find the metric tones of water running into the sea per minute?

30000 10000 2*10⁵ 2*10⁴

80. If the diameter of a cylinder is 14cm. And height is 10cm, then total surface area (in cm²) is:

748 896 558 468

81. The radius of a cylinder is 2m. And its length is 20m. The area of an iron sheet constructed from the cylinder is:

88*22/7 80*22/7 36*22/7 54*22/7

82. The sum of the radius of the base and height of a solid cylinder is 40m. If the total surface area of the cylinder is 1760 m² its volume is:

5700³ 5420m³ 5082³ 5600³

83. the radii of 2 cylinders are in the ratio 3:4. Their heights are in the ration 2:3. The ratio of their volumes is

1:2 2:1 3:4 2:3

84. Two cylinders of equal volume have their heights in the ratio 2:3. Ratio of their radii is

1:4 1:sqrt(2) sqrt(2):1 2:1

85. If a train runs at 20 km/hr, it reaches its destination late by 10 min. But if it runs at 30 km/hr, it is late by 2 min. only. The correct time for the train to complete its journey is:

12 min 8 min 14 min 15 min

86. Two busess travel to a place 20 kmph and 40 kmhr. If the second bus takes 6 hrs. less than the fixed for the journey the length of the journey is:

262 km 240km 200km 271.5km

87. A car travels a distance of 360km at a uniform speed. If speed of the car is 20km/hr more then time is 3 hrs. less.The original speed of car was:

40 45 32 37

88. A man covers 30km partly at 4km/hr and 6km/hr. If he covers former distance 6km/hr and later at 4 km/hr,he could cover 2km more in the some time. Time taken to cover the whole distance in the original time is:

3.75 6.2 5.5 4.7

89. A theif steals a car at 1p.m. and drives it at 20km/hr. The theft is discovered at 2p.m. The owners sets of another car at 30 km/hr, he will overtake the thief at:

3:06p.m 2:52p.m. 4:00p.m. 2:20p.m.

90. The ratio between the rate of walking of x and y is 2:3. If the time taken by B to cover a certain distance is 24min, to cover the same distance A will take:

32 48 16 36

91. 125, 106, 89, 76, 65, _____

56 53 58 59

92. 5, 6, 3, 4, 1, ____

2 4 -2 6

93. 12, 30, 105, 473, 2599, ____

15913 16892 3654 3564

94. 13,20,140,147,1029, ____

1056 7203 1033 1036

95. The area of a triangle with base 36 cms is equal to the area of a circle of radius 21 cms. Determine the approximate height of the triangle.

77cm 75cm 52 cm 46 cm

96. Pens at 20 Rs each and books at 40 Rs each were purchased. In all these were 6, at a total cost of Rs.180. If the number of Pens and books were interchanged, how much less would have been spent ?

0 same amount Rs.2.50 Rs.6

97. 123, 211,299,156,244,____

325 250 332 none of these

98. 855,7695,69255,623295,_____

5629653 5609655 623152 1608652

99. An empty jar weighs w₁ gm. The jar half filled with a liquid weights w₂
gm. Find the weight of the jar completely filled with the same liquid.

2(w₂-w₁) 2w+w₁ 2w₂-w₁ 2(w₂+w₁)

100. A person travels the first 1/3 of distance to be covered at a speed of x km/hr, the 2nd 1/3rd at 2x km/hr and the final 1/3rd at 3x km/hr. What is the average speed for the entire journey?

x km/hr 1/2*x km/hr 2/3*x km/hr 18/11*x km/hr

101. Triangle PQR is an isosceles triangle in which the sides in which the sides xy and xz are 15 each and the base yz is 18. ABCD is a squar, the side AB being on yz and cd in xz and xy resp. Find the area of ABCD?

53 52.65 51.84 60.09

102. Mohan deposits Rs.150 on the first of every month starting from 1st Jan1985, in the recurring deposit scheme of a bank which allows simple interest @ 6% p.a.on the sum standing to his credit at the end of each month. What is the amount, Mohan is entitled to on 31st Dec, 1985

Rs.1818 Rs.1800 Rs.1450 Rs.1400.80

103. A strip of paper 100m long, 4cm wide and 0.1mm thick is wound round a cylindrical
Core of diameter 10 cm and height 4cm. What is the diameter of the cylinder now?

41.2cm² 40cm³ 43.5cm 63cm

104. A rhombus has sides 10cm each and the circle that is inscribed in it has radius 1.5cm.
What is the area of the rhombus in cm²

30cm² 15cm² 4cm² 10cm²

105. To comfortably sit in a room, every girl must be allowed a floor space of 2 sq.m. and air space of 5.5 cubic metres. Fifty girls are to be seated comfortably in a room 10m. long. What should be its height?

5.5m 6.6m 6.5m 5m

106. Simplify sqrt(64+64x²) = sqrt(25+25x²)

3sqrt(1+x²) sqrt(1+x²) sqrt(1-x²) 4sqrt(x²)

107. O is the centre of a circle. XP is a tangent at X.Angel YXP = 50^o. Find the measure of the arc XYZ

100^o 50^o 180^o 90^o

108. Two positive numbers are such that the ratio of the square of the first to the cube of the second is to the ratio of the cube of the first to the square of the second as 1/20. Find the ratio of the 2 numbers.

3:4 2:1 1:2 cannot be determined.

109. Company A pays 5.5% on shares of Rs.100, and another pays at the rate of 3.5%
On shares of Rs.10 each. If the price of the former be Rs.150.00 and of the later Rs.15.00, compare the rates of interest which the shares return to a purchaser.

36.67% and 86.37% 37.66% and 86.66%
67.36% and 87.36% None of these.

110. Factorise(x-y)³+(y-z)³-(x-z)³

3(x-y)(y-z)(x-z) 3(xyz)
3x-3y-3z cannot be found.

Direction for questions 111 to 120:
Study the table carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Type of companyà	No. of shares in mgt.	Limited cosultation on non critical issues	Full consultation in critical issues	Joint decision making	Full employee control
Profits
10-50	30	10	3	20	2
50-100	20	5	17	10	1
100-150	15	7	21	40	1
150-200	4	8	20	40	2
>=200	5	10	7	30	0

*Consultation means just taking employee opinion it is not involving employees in decision making.

111. The company making the most profits were the ones

who involved employees in decission making.
Consulted the employees.
Did not listen to employees.
Gave full control to employees.

112. The least number of companies showing profit in all the profit categories were

not managed well.
Did not consult others.
Under full employee control.
Were under management control.

113. If the total amount of profit generated by all the companies in the 10 – 50 lacs category is 13.00 crores then the average profit is

20 lacs.
21 lacs.
18 lacs.
22 lacs.

114. If company with joint decission making style in the 50-100 lacs profit category made an average profit of 80 lacs and company of limited consultation made average profit by all companies in joint decission making is in comparison,

less by Rs 350 lakhs.
Greater by Rs 3.5 crores.
Greater by Rs. 3.5 lakhs.
Greater by Rs. 350 crores.

115. The average profit required to be made by companies with full consultation in the 7200 lacs segment 50 that their total profit equals that made by companies of no share in mgmt type with average profit of 280 lacs is

1400 lacs.
280 lacs.
220 lacs.
200 lacs.

116. If you are appointed as a consultant and are to advice the atrategy for employee Relations based on the above data you would , advice

full employee control.
Joint decision making.
No share in management.
Limited consultation.

117. In the range of profits from Rs 10 – 150 lacs, across categories
I No share in mgmt and full employee control show a similar trend.
II Consultation in critical issues shows an increasing trend.
III Joint decision making shows an increasing trend.

I and II only.
II and III only.
I and III only.
I II and III.

118. The maximum jump in the number of companies from one category to the next occurs in case of which style.

Full employee control.
Limited consultation.
Full consultation style.
Joint decision making.

119. The ratio of the number of companies in one style of employee relation is exactly twice of another style in the same category. The unique thing is that this occurs thrice in mat category. This category is

10 – 50 lacs.
50 – 100 lacs.
150 – 200 lacs.
>- 200 lacs.

120. In case of the ratio mentioned in question (9) above which of the style occurs twice, once as a numerator and once as a denominator.

Full consultation.
No share in management.
Joint decision making.
Full employee control.

Directions for questions 121 to 150

Each question is followed by 2 statements
Mark (1) if statement I alone is suficient but statement II alone is not sufficient
Mark (2) if statement II alone is sufficient but statement I alone is not sufficient
Mark (3) if both statements I & II together are sufficient but neither statements alone is sufficient
Mark (4) if each statement alone is sufficient
Mark (5) if statement I &II together are not sufficient.

121. What is the present age of Shyamu?

a. His birthday was on 29th Feb
b. His age 5 years ago was a 2 digit odd no. the sum of the digits being an even prime
number.

1 2 3 4 5

122. What is the average speed of Kishan

a. He walks at 20 miles hour from place P to another place Q and returns at 15 miles per
hour.
b. Distance from P to Q is 50 miles.

1 2 3 4 5

123. Find R in the trapezium PQRS.

a. P = 60 ⁰
b. Q =30 ⁰

1 2 3 4 5

124. A 2 digit no. is divisible by 5. What is the

a. the unit digit is 1 /2 the number ten's digit
b. sum of the digits is 10

1 2 3 4 5

125. What is the S.P of a radio?

a. Profit on S.P is 5%
b. Profit on S.P is 1/4 profit on C.P

1 2 3 4 5

126. What is the value of P m triangle PQR

a. R = 2 Q
b. PQ = 5, QR = 6

1 2 3 4 5

127. Was a "black Mercedes" here yesterday ?

a. All the cars that were here yesterday were black
b. Some mercedes were black.

1 2 3 4 5

128. Is A to the northwest of B

a. C is to the South east of A
b. C is to the northwest of B

1 2 3 4 5

129. Is X the right person to be chosen

a. Nobody who cannot face this challenge is the right person to be chosen
b. X cannot face this challenge.

1 2 3 4 5

130. In the rectangle PQRS what is the length ?

a. Area of rectange is 50 sq. units.
b.. PR = 25 units.

1 2 3 4 5

131. Is point A in the first Quadrant

a. A lies within the circle with centre at origin and radious 4
b. A lies on the straight line 3x + 4y = 6

1 2 3 4 5

132. Is line PQ tangent to the circle within center R

a. One of the radii of the circle is perpendicular to PQ
b. Q is a point in the circumference, and RQ is perpendicular to PQ

1 2 3 4 5

133. What is the value of a

a. (a²)² = a⁴
b.( a ³) ² = (2 ² )³

1 2 3 4 5

134. What is the average salary of x , y, z

a. x y draw equal salaries z's salary is half of x y
b. z's salary is Rs. 200 less than y

1 2 3 4 5

135. Is Satish older than Ganesh

a. Kartik is 5 years younger than Satish and 2 years younger than Dinesh
b. the average of Satish's age in years and Ganesh's age in years is 15.

1 2 3 4 5

136. What is the area of a square PQRS

a. The Perimeter of the square is 30.
b. The length of the diagonal is 4 sqrt. 3

1 2 3 4 5

137. Is the radious of circle with centre A a whole number

a. The circumference of the circle is 10 (22 /7)
b. The ratio of the circumference of the circle to the area of the circle is 1/ 3

1 2 3 4 5

138.Are the integers a ,b, c ,d , e which have been written in the ascending order consecutive?

a. C is the average of the five integer
b. C = b + 3

1 2 3 4 5

139. What is the area of the triangle PQR

a. P , Q , R are the midpoints of the triangle ABC.
b. Triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 20 cm

1 2 3 4 5

140.How many stones are there totally with x y

a. If x gives 5 stones to y they will have an equal number
b. If y had 10 stones less he will have half the number as with x

1 2 3 4 5

141. What is the value of y ; x ,y , z are real numbers

a. x ,y , z are such that Y² = xz
b. x = z and both are positive

1 2 3 4 5

142. A tank contains 15 litres of water if an inlet A and an outlet B are opened at the same
time the tank is completely filled in 5 hour. How many litres does the tank hold

a. pipe A alone takes 2 hours to fill the tank
b. If the tank is completely filled then pipe B alone takes 3 hours to empty it.

1 2 3 4 5

143. What is the ratio of the rates of interest for the two schemes

a. Rs. 6000 invested in the first scheme amounts to Rs. 12000 in 4 years
b. Rs. 8000 invested in the second scheme amounts to Rs. 16000 in one year.

1 2 3 4 5

144. What is the speed of A

a.. A takes 15 seconds to run up on escalator 135 m long
b. A takes 20 seconds to run down the escalator

1 2 3 4 5

145. What is the total surface area of a cylinder

a. The lase area is 60.
b. The volume is 360

1 2 3 4 5

146. At what time would the Rajdhani Express reach Mumbai

a. It left Delhi at 11 a.m. runs at an average speed of 30 km / hour
b. Geetanjali Express which left Mumbai at 12 p.m runs at the same speed towards Delhi crossed it at 1 :30 p.m. on the same day.

1 2 3 4 5

147. What is the total cost of tiles needed for a room 12 ft by 10 ft

a. The tiles are 4 inches square each
b. Tiles cost Rs. 15 sq.feet

1 2 3 4 5

148. What is the rate of S.I.

a. The principal doubles itself in 5 years
b. The principal is Rs. 1580.

1 2 3 4 5

149. What is the profit when 2 varieties of coffee at Rs. 5/ kg and Rs. 10/ kg are mixed and sold for Rs. 8/ kg.

a. The total quantity sold was 10 kgs
b. The total cost of the mixture was Rs. 70.

1 2 3 4 5

150. In a 50 m race B takes half a minute more than A to complete the race. How much can A give B in a boom race.

a. A runs 50 m in 5 minutes.
b. A is faster than B.

1 2 3 4 5

Directions for questions 151 to 160 :
Read carefully the passages given below and answer the questions that follow.

Passage 1

How strange time is and how queer we are! Time has really changed and it has changed us too. It walked one step forward, unveiled its grace, alarmed us and hen elated us.
Yesterday we complained about time and trembled at its terrors. But today we have learned to love it and revere it, for now we understand its intents, its natural disposition, its secrets and its mysteries.
Yesterday we were a toy in the hands of Destiny. But today Destiny has awakened from her intoxication to play and laugh and walk with us. We do not follow her but she follows us.

Questions:

151. The author is talking about

Time and how it has changed
Our queerness
Our fright
None of the above.

152. The author tries to say that along with time

We have become more frightened
We have changed too
We also walk with it
None of the above

153. When the author says that "……. Destiny follows us", he means

Destiny can take walks
Destiny can play like us
Destiny can sleep and awake like us
We have conquered destiny

154. The author throughout the passage sounds

sad
pessimistic
angry
optimistic

155. The passage has probably been written by a

Novelist
Philosopher or a poet
Botanist
Historian

Passage 2

As comprehensive socialism has diminished an opposing doctrine has emerged. This is privatisation. As a broad rule, privatisation ranks with socialism in irrelevance. There is a large area of economic activity in which the market is and should be unchallenged. Equally there is a large range of activities that increases with increasing economic activity where the services and functions of the state are either necessary or superior. Privatisation is not any better as a controlling guide to public action than is socialism. In both the cases the primary service of the doctrine is in providing escape from thought. In a good society there is in these matters one dominant rule: Decisions must be made on the social and economic merits of the case. This is not the age of doctrine. This is the age of practical judgement.
Questions:

156. The author is

anti- socialism
anti-privatisation
calls for a balance between both
None of the above

157. The following statement is false

Socialism has disappeared
Privatization cant be used in all areas
Privatisation and socialism are opposing doctrines
All of the above

158. The piece was written in the

1960s
1970s
1990s
1950s

159. In a good society, decisions are made based on

ad-hoc
on cash flows
on economic and social merits of cases
on economic value

160. In this passage the central idea is of the

Theory of ideologies
forms of governments
Relevance of socialism even today
Economic activities

Study the statements and the two conclusions and state if:(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions I and II follow
(D)Neither I or II follow

161.
Statements:
Due to contamination of water a large number of people were admitted to the hospital. The symptoms denoted Malaria.
Conclusion:
(I) Contamination of water may lead to Malaria
(II)Malaria is a disease

A B C D

162. Statements:
To own a personal imported motor bike one requires an import license
Conclusions:
(I) Motor bikes are manufactured in India
(II) They can be imported easily 4

A B C D

163. Statements:
The average number of students in cities is 40 per teacher, whereas in the
villages it is 50. The combined average is 45.
Conclusions:
(I) The student-teacher ratio in the cities is not satisfactory
(II) Student-teacher ratio in cities is higher than that in the villages

A B C D

Study the statements and the two inferences that follow and state if:
(A) Only inference I follows
(B) Only inference II follows
(C) Both inferences I and II follow
(D)Neither I or II follow

164. Statements:
All monkeys are donkeys. Some monkeys are rabbits
(I) Some rabbits are donkeys
(II) Some donkeys are rabbits

A B C D

165. Statements: No petal is a plant. No plant is a thorn
(I) No thorn is a petal
(II) No Petal is thorn

A B C D

166. No bird is an animal. All birds are insects
(I)No insect is animal
(II)No animal is insect

A B C D

167. All expectations are liars. All fears are dupes. So
(I)All expectations are fears
(II)All liars are dupes

A B C D

168. Every ink is blue. Flowers are blue. So
(I)Flower is ink
(II)Ink is flower

A B C D

169. No cat is rat. No rat is dog. So
(I)No cat is dog
(II)No dog is cat

A B C D

170. All slaves are masters. All masters are harsh
(I)All slaves are harsh
(II)All harsh are slaves

A B C D

Directions for questions 171 to175

Each question below is followed by four arguments. Classify them into strong and weak
arguments.
Strong arguments must be both important and directly related to the question.
Weak arguments may not be directly related or may be of minor importance

171.Movies should not be censored.
I No: Movies can contain obscenity and violence
II Yes: Censorship boards are overworked anyway.
III Yes: Censorship implies that a few people know what is good for the rest.
IV Yes. Movies are facing competition from television.

All strong Only II weak II and IV weak All are weak

172. Honesty is the best policy
I Yes: To be honest pays in the long run
II No: Honesty is often taken advantage of
III No: Honesty is rarely appreciated
IV Yes: An honest person has a clear conscience, and is a happier person

I strong All are strong II is strong III is strong

173. The dowry system has to be legalized
I Yes: All the dowry payers will be happy
II No: Legislation will encourage the practice
III Yes: Legalization will help institute checks and controls
IV No : A shameful practice is best conducted secretly

II and III strong All are weak IV is weak II is weak

174. Money is the root of all evil
I Yes : Money can drive men to murder and robbery
II No : Money is mechanical
III No : Only trees have roots
IV Money signifies greed, which is the root of all evil

II strong All are weak All are strong I and IV are strong

175. One day you have to quit working. Invest wisely today, and you won't stop spending
I Yes : A wise investment today can give one an assured future income
II No : It is not necessary that an investment today, however wise, can guarantee
'continued spending' in the future
III Yes : Someday or the other, everybody stops working
IV No : Investment is not an area that everybody is comfortable with.

I and II are strong I II and III are strong
All are strong All are weak

Directions for questions 176 to 180
Classify the statements as Fact(F), Inference(I), or Judgement(J), based on the
definitions given below
FACT: Something that can be seen or heard, and is capable of being verified.
INFERENCE: The statement that is drawn or concluded from a fact
JUDGEMENT: Is an opinion, and implies approval or disapproval

176. a] This is a red book
b] All red books are unlucky
c] Red books are more attractive than blue ones

FFF IJJ JFJ FJJ

177. a] The goat is sitting on the grass
b] The grass is green
c] Plastic is not a bio-degradable substance

JJJ FFF FIJ FFJ

178. a] It is unimaginable
b] God is great
c] Politics is the last refuge of the criminal

FFF JIJ JFF JJJ

179. a] Catches win matches
b] Its just not cricket
c] Spectators find one-day matches more interesting than test matches

FFJ JIJ IJI IIJ

180. a] She was writing, seated on a table
b] I love his mild nature
c] The secretary gave a friendly smile

JJJ FJJ FII

FFI

Directions for questions 181 to 185
An argument is a statement meant to convince another person about your point of
view
An assertion is a point of view
A counter-argument contains logic opposing the assertion
Based on the above definitions, classify each of the given set of statements into
I Assertion II Supporting reason
III Counter argument IV Irrelevant argument

181. a] They sold 850 chairs thereby getting a net profit of Rs 100,000
b] The IT department did the right thing when it acquired undervalued property nearly
10 years ago
c] In the last 2 auctions, the department failed to sell any of the 53 chairs on view
d] Even in an advertising blitz in the Gulf did not generate much revenue

IV,IV,III,III I, II,III,III II, I, III, III I, II, II, II

182. a] It is difficult to be happy
b] The symptoms of happiness are a source of happiness
c] Happiness comes from a lack of want
d] Unhappiness creates a lack of want

I, II, II, II IV, I, II, II I, II, I, II I, II, IV, IV

183. a] A cheat
b] A liar
c] He is a twisted man
d] A friend to be relied on

II, II, I, III IV, IV, II, III II, III, I, IV I, I, II, II